How do I reference generative Artifical Intelligence (AI) tools in MHRA style?
Answer
Guidance on how to cite generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools is an evolving area and as yet there is little general agreement on how to reference it. We will continue to review and update guidance, so please check back for updates.
There is no official guidance on how to reference AI for MHRA. Currently we recommend referencing the use of any AI software/tool as private correspondence.
Footnote:
First mention:
Microsoft, Copilot response to John Doe, 11 September 2025.
Subsequent mention:
Microsoft.
Bibliography:
Microsoft, Copilot response to John Doe, 11 September 2025
NB: You may also put the full text of long responses from AI tools in an appendix of your paper or in online supplemental materials, so readers have access to the exact text that was generated. Please check with your Department if this is a requirement.